Semicolons: Java statements end with semicolons (;). For example:
int x = 10; System.out.println("Hello, World!");
Comments: Java supports both single-line and multi-line comments. Single-line comments start with //, and multi-line comments are enclosed between /* and */. For example:
// This is a single-line comment
/*
This is a multi-line comment
spanning multiple lines
*/
Data Types: Java has primitive data types (e.g., int, double, boolean) and object data types (e.g., String). Variables must be declared with their data types before use. For example:
int age = 25;
double price = 19.99;
boolean isJavaFun = true;
String message = "Hello, Java!";
Variables: Java variables follow the convention of starting with a letter, underscore (_), or dollar sign ($) and can contain letters, numbers, underscores, or dollar signs. Variable names are case-sensitive. For example:
int myVariable;
double totalAmount;
String firstName;
Constants: Constants in Java are declared using the
final keyword and conventionally written in uppercase. For example:final int MAX_VALUE = 100;
final double PI = 3.14159;
Operators: Java supports various operators, including arithmetic, assignment, comparison, logical, and bitwise operators. For example:
int a = 10 + 5; // Addition
int b = 20 - 8; // Subtraction
boolean isEqual = (a == b); // Comparison
boolean isLogical = (true && false); // Logical AND
int bitwiseResult = (5 & 3); // Bitwise AND
Control Structures: Java provides control structures like if-else statements, switch statements, loops (for, while, do-while), and the ternary operator. For example:
if (condition) {
// code block
} else {
// code block
}
switch (variable) {
case value1:
// code block
break;
case value2:
// code block
break;
default:
// code block
}
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
// code block
}
while (condition) {
// code block
}
Classes and Methods: Java is an object-oriented language, so programs are typically organized into classes. Classes contain data (fields) and behavior (methods). Methods define the behavior of objects. For example:
public class MyClass {
int myVariable;
public void myMethod() {
// code block
}
}
Packages: Java code is organized into packages to prevent naming conflicts and provide a namespace for classes. Packages are declared using the
package keyword. For example:package com.example.myproject;
Main Method: Java programs start execution from the
main method, which has the following signature:public static void main(String[] args) {
// code block
}
This overview covers some of the essential elements of Java syntax. As you delve deeper into Java programming, you'll encounter more advanced features and syntax nuances.
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