Exception Handling In Python

 Exception handling in Python allows you to gracefully handle errors and exceptions that occur during program execution. It enables you to anticipate and manage potential errors, preventing your program from crashing unexpectedly. Here's an overview of exception handling in Python:

1. Try-Except Block:

• The try-except block is used to handle exceptions in Python.
• You place the code that might raise an exception inside the try block.
• If an exception occurs within the try block, Python looks for an appropriate except block to handle the exception.
• The syntax is as follows:
• 
  
• try: # Code that might raise an exception except ExceptionType: # Code to handle the exception
• 
  

2. Handling Specific Exceptions:

   • You can specify the type of exception you want to handle in the except block. This allows you to provide different handling logic for different types of exceptions.
   • For example:
   • 
     
   • try: # Code that might raise an exception except ValueError: # Code to handle ValueError except TypeError: # Code to handle TypeError
   • 
     

   Handling Multiple Exceptions:

   • You can handle multiple exceptions using a single except block by specifying multiple exception types within parentheses.
   • For example:
   • 
     
   • try: # Code that might raise an exception except (ValueError, TypeError): # Code to handle ValueError or TypeError
   • 
     

   Handling All Exceptions:

   • You can use a generic except block to handle any type of exception. However, this approach is generally discouraged because it can catch unexpected errors that you might not have anticipated.
   • For example:
   • 
     
   • try: # Code that might raise an exception except: # Code to handle any exception (not recommended)

   1. Else Block:

      • You can use the else block to execute code that should run only if no exceptions occur within the try block.
      • For example:
      • 
        
      • try: # Code that might raise an exception except ExceptionType: # Code to handle the exception else: # Code to execute if no exceptions occur
      
      

   2. Finally Block:

      • The finally block is used to execute cleanup code that should always run, regardless of whether an exception occurs or not.
      • For example:
      • 
        
      • try: # Code that might raise an exception except ExceptionType: # Code to handle the exception else: # Code to execute if no exceptions occur
      
      

   3. Raising Exceptions:

      • You can manually raise exceptions using the raise statement. This is useful for signaling errors or exceptional conditions within your code.
      • For example:
      • 
        
      • if condition: raise ValueError("Invalid input")
      
      

   Exception handling is an essential aspect of writing robust and reliable Python code. By properly handling exceptions, you can ensure that your programs behave predictably and gracefully recover from errors.